Technically, most Catholic parishes are geographical regions, and all Catholics living in a geographical region are in the geographical parish unless they are registered elsewhere. Canon law states:
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As a general rule, a parish is to be territorial, that is, it is to embrace all Christ's faithful of a given territory. Where it is useful however, personal parishes are to be established, determined by reason of the rite, language, or nationality of the faithful of a certain territory, or on some other basis (canon 518, Code of Canon Law).
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Nevertheless, unless you are formally registered at your geographical parish, or at another Catholic parish recognized to be a Catholic parish by the local diocese, your rights and privileges as a Catholic could be impacted by the fact that you are not a member of a local parish for the simple reason that you won't be known as a Catholic by a parish community and its pastor. Examples of how lack of registration with a parish can negatively impact an adult Catholic's life include the hindrance of becoming a godparent or confirmation sponsor, marrying as a Catholic, and joining a lay association of a religious order or congregation.