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God's covenant with Noah was that He would not again destroy all humanity in a flood. His covenant with Abraham was that He would make a great nation of Abraham's descendants. Later, He established a covenant with the nation descended from Abraham through Moses. Still later, He establishes the New Covenant through His son.
At different times through history, God establishes different covenants for different purposes. In a way, each covenant builds upon those that preceded it.
Don't forget, the promise was given to the seed of Sarah and Abraham, not just Abraham, as Hagar's child raised up to Sarah as her handmaid, Ishmael, was not the child of promise although Islam contends he was. Ishmael was prophesid to be "ever warlike with all men's hands against him." Check out Scott Hahn's scholarship on the seven covenants.
How come Noah was not named Abraham?
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